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Annals of Glaciology
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Editor: D.M. McClung
Contents
1-6
Mechanical and structural properties of weak snow layers measured in situ
Paul M.B. Föhn, Christian Camponovo and Georges Krüsi
7-13
Field observation and modelling of weak-layer evolution
Charles Fierz
14-18
Dependence of new-snow density on slope angle
Yasoichi Endo, Yuji Kominami and Shouji Niwano
19-21
Snow-creep forces on masts
Jan Otto Larsen
22-26
Daytime preservation of surface-hoar crystals
Akihiro Hachikubo and Eizi Akitaya
27-30
Measurement of snow-hardness distribution
Yukari Takeuchi, Yasuaki Nohguchi, Katsuhisa Kawashima and Kaoru Izumi
31-34
Tentative investigations on surface hoar in mountain forests
Peter Höller
35-38
Energy balance and formation of sun crust in snow
Toshihiro Ozeki and Eizi Akitaya
39-44
Modelling of the densification of polar firn: characterization of the snow-firn transition
L. Arnaud, V. Lipenkov, J.M. Barnola, M. Gay and P. Duval
45-50
Modelling the change in structure and mechanical properties in dry-snow densification to ice
Vladimir N. Golubev and Anatoly D. Frolov
51-54
A preliminary numerical investigation of the micromechanics of snow compaction
Jerome B. Johnson
55-58
Elastic properties of snow-ice formations in their whole density range
Anatoly D. Frolov and Igor V. Fedyukin
59-63
Hemispherical-directional reflectance measurements of natural snows in the 0.9-1.45 µm spectral range: comparison with adding-doubling modelling
Claude Sergent, Catherine Leroux, Evelyne Pougatch and Florence Guirado
64-68
Irreducible water saturation in snow: experimental results in a cold laboratory
Cécile Coléou and Bernard Lesaffre
69-72
Measurement of density and wetness in snow using time-domain reflectometry
Martin Schneebeli, Cécile Coléou, François Touvier and Bernard Lesaffre
73-76
Wavy temperature and density distributions formed in snow
Sergey A. Sokratov and Norikazu Maeno
77-82
Viscous compression model for estimating the depth of new snow
Yuji Kominami, Yasoichi Endo, Shoji Niwano and Syuichi Ushioda
83-91
Formation of ice layers by infiltration and refreezing of meltwater
W.T. Pfeffer and N.F. Humphrey
92-96
Acoustic impedance measurement of snow density
O. Marco, O. Buser, P. Villemain, F. Touvier and H.P. Revol
97-102
Laboratory experiments on shear failure of snow
Jürg Schweizer
103-106
A portable calorimeter for measuring liquid-water content of wet snow
Katsuhisa Kawashima, Toru Endo and Yukari Takeuchi
107-111
A constant-speed penetrometer for high-resolution snow stratigraphy
Martin Schneebeli and Jerome B. Johnson
112-118
Objective determination of snow-grain characteristics from images
Bernard Lesaffre, Evelyne Pougatch and Eric Martin
119-124
Snowpack water-equivalent estimates from satellite and aircraft remote-sensing measurements of the Red River basin, north-central U.S.A.
E.G. Josberger, N.M. Mognard, B. Lind, R. Matthews and T. Carroll
125-130
Differences in compaction behavior of three climate classes of snow
Matthew Sturm and Jon Holmgren
131-137
New categories for the climatic division of snowy areas in Japan
Masaaki Ishizaka
138-143
Validation of an application for forecasting blowing snow
Gilbert Guyomarc'h and Laurent Mérindol
144-148
Relationship between snowdrift development and drifted snow during a wind episode
M. Mases, D. Font and J.M. Vilaplana
149-155
Determination of snow-covered area in different land covers in central Alaska, U.S.A., from aircraft data—April 1995
Dorothy K. Hall, James L. Foster, Alfred T.C. Chang, Carl S. Benson and Janet Y.L. Chien
156-160
Solute in High Arctic glacier snow cover and its impact on runoff chemistry
Richard Hodgkins and Martyn Tranter
161-166
Snowmelt modelling on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
Michael J. Gardiner, J.Cynan Ellis-Evans, Malcolm G. Anderson and Martyn Tranter
167-173
The interaction between drifting snow and atmospheric turbulence
Richard Bintanja
174-178
Blowing and drifting snow in Alpine terrain: numerical simulation and related field measurements
Peter Gauer
179-183
Turbulent fluxes above the snow surface
Eric Martin and Yves Lejeune
184-190
Measurements and numerical simulations of snow-particle saltation
K. Nishimura, K. Sugiura, M. Nemoto and N. Maeno
191-196
Numerical simulation of drifting snow: erosion and deposition models
Mohamed Naaim, Florence Naaim-Bouvet and Hugo Martinez
197-202
The development of a rule-based spatial model of wind transport and deposition of snow
R.S. Purves, J.S. Barton, W.A. Mackaness and D.E. Sugden
203-206
Simulation of blowing snow over the Antarctic ice sheet
Hubert Gallée
207-211
Charge-to-mass ratio of individual blowing-snow particles
D.S. Schmidt, J.D. Dent and R.A. Schmidt
212-216
Snowdrift modeling in a wind-tunnel: vertical and horizontal variation of the snow flux
Florence Naaim-Bouvet and Mohamed Naaim
217-220
Field experiments on "living" snow fences
Florence Naaim-Bouvet and Pierre Mullenbach
221-224
Drifting-snow acoustic detector: experimental tests in La Molina, Spanish Pyrenees
D. Font, F. Naaim-Bouvet and M. Roussel
225-230
Experimental mass-flux measurements: a comparison of different gauges with estimated theoretical data
D. Font, M. Mases and J.M. Vilaplana
231-236
Passive snow removal with a vortex generator at the Pegasus runway, Antarctica
R.M. Lang and George L. Blaisdell
237-241
Empirical model for snowdrift distribution in avalanche-starting zones
M. Mases, L. Buisson, W. Frey and G. Martí
242-246
Physical modelling of avalanches using an aerosol cloud of powder materials
A.N. Bozhinskiy and L.A. Sukhanov
247-252
Density, velocity and friction measurements in a dry-snow avalanche
J.D. Dent, K.J. Burrell, D.S. Schmidt, M.Y. Louge, E.E. Adams and T.G. Jazbutis
253-258
Modelling of snow entrainment and deposition in powder-snow avalanches
Dieter Issler
259-264
Measurements of the velocity distribution in ping-pong-ball avalanches
Stefan Keller, Yoichi Ito and Kouichi Nishimura
265-271
Simulations of dense-snow avalanches on deflecting dams
Fridtjov Irgens, Bonsak Schieldrop, Carl B. Harbitz, Ulrik Domaas and Runar Opsahl
272-276
Limiting stress states in granular avalanches
Y.C. Tai and J.M.N.T. Gray
277-280
On the inclusion of a velocity-dependent basal drag in avalanche models
J.M.N.T. Gray and Y.C. Tai
281-284
Mathematical and physical modelling of powder snow avalanches in Russia
M.E. Eglit
285-288
Statistical prediction of maximum avalanche run-out distances from topographic data in the western Catalan Pyrenees northeast Spain
Glòria Furdada and Joan Manuel Vilaplana
289-295
Physical and numerical analysis of the front of a gravity current on a horizontal bottom
Mohamed Naaim and Thierry Pellarin
296-302
Refinements to the stability index for skier-triggered dry-slab avalanches
J.B. Jamieson and C.D. Johnston
303-306
Probabilistic evaluation of snow-slab stability on mountain slopes
P.A. Chernouss and Y.u V. Fedorenko
307-312
The impact of surface perturbations on snow-slope stability
H. Conway
313-318
Prototype for operational seismic detection of natural avalanches
B. Leprettre, J.-P. Navarre, J.M. Panel, F. Touvier, A. Taillefer and J. Roulle
319-323
Study of avalanche dynamics by seismic methods, image-processing techniques and numerical models
F. Sabot, M. Naaim, F. Granada, E. Suriñach, P. Planet and G. Furdada
324-328
Infrasonic monitoring of snow-avalanche activity: what do we know and where do we go from here?
V. Adam, V. Chritin, M. Rossi and E. van Lancker
329-336
Spatial characteristics of avalanche activity in an Alpine valley—a GIS approach
Andreas Stoffel, Roland Meister and Jürg Schweizer
337-342
Global distribution of snow avalanches and changing activity in the Northern Hemisphere due to climate change
T.G. Glazovskaya
343-346
A field method for avalanche danger-level verification
A. Cagnati, M. Valt, G. Soratroi, J. Gavaldà and C.G. Sellés
347-356
Crocus test results for snowpack modeling in two snow climates with respect to avalanche forecasting
Laurent Mingo and D.M. McClung
357-366
Short-term numerical avalanche forecast used operationally at Météo-France over the Alps and Pyrenees
Yves Durand, Gérald Giraud and Laurent Mérindol
367-369
Inferential statistics to verify prediction models
R. Bolognesi
370-376
Slushflow hazard—where, why and when? 25 years of experience with slushflow consulting and research
Erik Hestnes
377-380
Atmospheric and hydrological boundary conditions for slushflow initiation due to snowmelt
Dieter Scherer, Martin Gude, Markus Gempeler and Eberhard Parlow
381-384
Snowmelt and slushflows: hydrological and hazard implications
Martin Gude and Dieter Scherer