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Annals of Glaciology - Volume 38
Papers from the International Symposium on
Snow and Avalanches
held at Davos, Switzerland, 2–6 June 2002
Editor: Paul M.B. Föhn 1–8
On the fracture toughness of snow
Jürg Schweizer, Gerard Michot and Helmut O. K. Kirchner
9–14
Slab avalanche release viewed as interface fracture in a random medium
Michael Zaiser
15–20
Large-scale snow instability patterns in Western Canada: first analysis of the CAA-InfoEx database 1991--2002
Urs Gruber, Pascal Hägeli, David M. McClung and Evan Manners
21–24
Observation of internal structures of snow covers with a ground-penetrating radar
Tatsuya Yamamoto, Kenichi Matsuoka and Renji Naruse
25–29
Regular packing of grains as a model of snow structure
Vladimir N. Golubev and Sergey A. Sokratov
30–34
Experimental study of dense snow avalnches: velocity profiles in steady and fully developed flows
Alexi Bouchet, Mohamed Naaim, Hervé Bellot and Frédéric Ousset
35–38
Development of saltation layer of drifting snow
Takeshi Sato, Kenji Kosugi and Atsushi Sato
39–44
Three-dimensional geometric measurements of snow microstructural evolution under isothermal conditions
Frédéric Flin, Jean-Bruno Brzoska, Bernard Lesaffre, Cécile Coléou and Romeu André Pieritz
45–51
Slushflow hazard prediction and warning
Erik Hestnes and Steinar Bakkehøi
52–58
From snow X-ray microtomograph raw volume data to micromechanics modeling: first results
Romeu André Pieritz, Jean-Bruno Brzoska, Frédéric Flin, Bernard Lesaffre and Cécile Coléou
59–70
Two-dimensional numerical modelling of surface wind velocity and associated snowdrift effects over complex mountainous topography
Yves Durand, Gilbert Guyomarc'h, Laurent Mérindol and Javier G. Corripio
71–78
The splash function for snow from wind-tunnel measurements
James N. McElwaine, Norikazu Maeno and Konosuke Sugiura
79–83
The mass balance of a dry snow surface during a snowstorm
Richard Bintanja
84–88
Verification of nearest-neighbours interpretations in avalanche forecasting
Joachim Heierli, Ross S. Purves, Andreas Felber and Julia Kowalski
89–96
Hazard scenarios for avalanche actions on bridges
Stefan Margreth and Walter J. Ammann
97–100
Effect of summer snowfall on glacier mass balance
Johannes Oerlemans and E. J. (Lisette)Klok
101–105
Temporal variability in snow distribution
Eli Alfnes, Liss M. Andreassen, Rune V. Engeset, Thomas Skaugen and Hans-Christian Udnæs
106–114
Seasonal cycle of the snow coverage in the former Soviet Union and its relation with atmospheric circulation
Kunio Rikiishi and Junko Sakakibara
115–122
Risk assessment in avalanche-prone areas
Massimiliano Barbolini, Federica Cappabianca and Fabrizio Savi
123–129
SNOWPACK model simulations for snow in Hokkaido, Japan
Hiroyuki Hirashima, Kouichi Nishimura, Emiko Baba, Akihiro Hachikubo and Michael Lehning
130–134
Mechanical vibration responses of snow samples near the melting temperature
Iwao Takei and Norikazu Maeno
135–138
Experimental and numerical study of granular flow and fence interaction
Thierry Faug, Mohammed Naaim and Florence Naaim-Bouvet
139–144
Calculation of two-dimensional avalanche velocities from opto-electronic sensors
Jim N. McElwaine
145–149
A constitutive law for snow taking into account compressibility
Aloke Mishra and Punit Mahajan
150–158
Validation of the energy budget of an alpine snowpack simulated by several snow models (SnowMIP project)
Pierre Etchevers, Eric Martin, Ross Brown, Charles Fierz, Yves Lejeune, Eric Bazile, Aaron Boone, Yong-Jiu Dai, Richard Essery, Alberto Fernandez, Yeugeniy Gusev, Rachel Jordan, Victor Koren, Eva Kowalczyk, N. Olga Nasonova, R. David Pyles, Adam Schlosser, Andrey B. Shmakin, Tatiana G. Smirnova, Ulrich Strasser, Diana Verseghy, Takeshi Yamazaki and Zong-Liang Yang
159–165
Using vegetation to characterize the avalanche of Canal del Roc Roig, Vall de Núria, eastern Pyrenees, Spain
Ricard Molina, Elena Muntán, Laia Andreu, Glòria Furdada, Pere Oller, Emilia Gutiérrez, Pere Martínez and Joan Manuel Vilaplana
166–172
A nearest-neighbour model for forecasting skier-triggered dry-slab avalanches on persistent weak layers in the Columbia Mountains, Canada
Antonia Zeidler and Bruce Jamieson
173–179
Dendrochronological study of the Canal del Roc Roig avalanche path: first results of the Aludex project in the Pyrenees
Elena Muntán, Laia Andreu, Pere Oller, Emilia Gutiérrez and Pere Martínez
180–186
Time-variant snow distribution for use in hydrological models
Thomas Skaugen, Eli Alfnes, Elin G. Langsholt and Hans-Christian Udnæs
187–194
Heat flow from wet to dry snowpack layers and associated faceting
Bruce Jamieson and Charles Fierz
195–201
Implications of spatial distributions of snow mass and melt rate for snow-cover depletion: observations in a sub-arctic mountain catchment
John Pomeroy, Richard Essery and Brenda Toth
202–208
Spatial variability of micropenetration resistance in snow layers on a small slope
Kalle Kronholm, Martin Schneebeli and Jürg Schweizer
209–214
Hierarchy theory as a conceptual framework for scale issues in avalanche-forecast modeling
Pascal Hägeli and David M. McClung
215–222
Verified combination of numerical weather- and avalanche prediction models at Kootenay Pass, British Columbia, Canada
Claudia Roeger, David M. McClung and Roland Stull
223–228
Changes in the shear strength and micro-penetration hardness of a buried surface-hoar layer
Karl W. Birkeland, Kalle Kronholm, Martin Schneebeli and Christine Pielmeier
229–237
Linear trends of the length of snow-cover season in the Northern Hemisphere as observed by satellites in the period 1972-2000
Kunio Rikiishi, Eisuke Hashiyai and Masafumi Imai
238–244
Estimating snow conditions in Finland in the late 21st century using the SNOWPACK-model with regional climate scenario data as input
Sirpa Rasmus, Jouni Räisänen and Michael Lehning
245–252
Operational sub-pixel snow mapping over the Alps with NOAA AVHRR data
Nando Foppa, Stefan Wunderle, Adrian Hauser, David Oesch and Florian Kuchen
253–260
Scales of the spatial heterogeneity for perennial and seasonal snow layers
Matthew Sturm and Carl Benson
261–265
Implications of spatial distributions of snow mass and melt rate for snow-cover depletion: theoretical considerations
Richard Essery and John Pomeroy
266–272
Application of the numerical snowpack model (SNOWPACK) to the wet-snow region in Japan
Satoru Yamaguchi, Atsushi Sato and Michael Lehning
273–278
A new in-situ sensor for large-scale snow cover monitoring
Mannfred Stähli, Markus Stacheder, David Gustafsson, Stefan Schläger, Martin Schneebeli and Alexander Brandelik
279–284
Measurements and model calculations of the solar shortwave fluxes in snow on Summit, Greenland
Ingo Meirold-Mautmer and Michael Lehning
285–290
Avalanche hazard zoning in Iceland based on individual risk
Þorsteinn Arnalds, Kristján Jónasson and Sven Sigurðsson
291–298
The temperature- and density-dependent acoustic emission response of snow in monoaxial compression tests
Carlo Scapozza, Felix Bucher, Peter Amann, Walter J. Ammann and Perry Bartelt
299–304
Climatic response of snow depth to recent warmer winter seasons in heavy snowfall areas in Japan
Masaaki Ishizaka
305–308
Shear strength and angle repose of snow layers including graupel
Osamu Abe
309–313
Modeling the density variation in the shallow firn layer
Jun Li and H. Jay Zwally
314–318
Impact of artificial snow and ski-slope grooming on snowpack properties and soil thermal regime in a sub-alpine ski area
Thomas Keller, Christine Pielmeier, Christian Rixen, Florian Gadient, David Gustafsson and Manfred Stähli
319–324
A system for prediction of avalanche hazard in the windy climate of Iceland
Svanbjörg H. Haraldsdóttir, Haraldur Ólafsson, Yves Durand, Gérald Giraud and Laurent Mérindol
325–330
Wind-tunnel study of snow-drift around avalanche defense structures
Christian Jaedicke, Florence Naaim-Bouvet and Matthias Granig
331–338
Modelling instability for the snow cover model SNOWPACK
Michael Lehning, Charles Fierz, Bob Brown and Bruce Jamieson
339–342
Numerical simulation of elastic stress in the microstructure of snow
Martin Schneebeli
343–350
Numerical study of the time development of drifting snow and its relation to the spatial development
Masaki Nemoto, Kouichi Nishimura, Syunichi Kobayashi and Kaoru Izumi
351–356
The Monte-Carlo simulation of avalanche-type processes
A. N. Bozhinskiy
357–362
Dynamics of avalanches along general mountain slopes
Shiva Prasad Pudasaini, Yongqi Wang and Kolumban Hutter
363–372
Statistical avalanche-runout estimation for short slopes in Canada
Alan S. T. Jones and Bruce Jamieson
373–378
Dense and powder avalanches: momentum reduction generated by a dam
Florence Naaim-Bouvet, Mohammed Naaim and Thierry Faug
379–383
Numerical simulations of dense clouds on steep slopes: application to powder-snow avalanches
Jocelyn Étienne, Pierre Saramito and Emil J. Hopfinger
384–392
Possible erosion mechanisms in snow avalanches
Peter Gauer and Dieter Issler
393–398
Avalanche simulation with SAMOS
Peter Sampl and Thomas Zwinger